There were not many blacksmith shops in the rural areas. This could have been due to internal revolts and external attacks suffered by the Roman empire during that period. [101], In 2008, the Kolkata Metro Railway experimented with the practice of reserving two entire compartments for women. The system has a mix of underground, at-grade and elevated stations using both broad-gauge and standard-gauge tracks. They were autonomous, meaning that they enjoyed freedom from state interference but also suffered from the lack of state backing. MBA I SEMESTER TENTATIVE SCHEDULE FOR CONTACT CLASSES- OFFLINE MODE, DISTANCE EDUCATION: CDE: STUDY CENTRE [68][69] The extension of this line to IIM and Diamond Park for 2km (1.2mi) was sanctioned in the 20122013 Budget at a cost of 294.49 crore (equivalent to 472crore or US$59million in 2020). They cost 250 (US$3.10), valid for a day and 550 (US$6.90), valid for three days. Cave inscriptions found at places such as Mangulam and Alagarmalai near Madurai, Edakal hill in Kerala and Jambai village in Villupuram district record various donations made by the kings and chieftains. [28] Kaveripumpattinam, the port city of the Cholas, had its market in a central open area close to the two main suburbs of the city Maruvurpakkam and Pattinapakkam. First phase of Kolkata Metro East-West Corridor opens; top 10 salient features", "How to Ride the Kolkata Metro Rail or Subway: Insider Tips from a Local Girl! [79][80], The Pink Line is the northward extension from Baranagar to Barrackpore [12.45km (7.74mi)]. The proposed line was 10.4km (6.5mi) long, about 4km (2.5mi) shorter than the current East-West Corridor, which would connect East Bengal Railway in Bagmari and East Indian Railway in Benaras Road. var minutes = todayDate.getMinutes(); These findings suggest that merchant guilds were established at several industrial and trade centres of ancient Tamil country. For the time being, only two platforms are in use, but once Line 4 is running, all four platforms will be operational. [20], In 19992000, the extension of Line 1 along an elevated corridor from Tollygunge to New Garia, with six stations, was sanctioned at a cost of 907 crore (equivalent to 33billion or US$410million in 2020). | NoaparaJai Hind, Kavi SubhashJai Hind and Jai HindBarasat. On 29 December 2010, Metro Railway, Kolkata, became the 17th zone of the Indian Railways, completely owned and funded by the Ministry of Railways. [83] Several coins issued by the Tamil kings of this age have been recovered from river beds and urban centers of their kingdoms. The line will have a new depot in Joka. TENTATIVE SCHEDULE FOR CONTACT CLASSES MBA IV SEMESTER (SET 28) BATCH CLICK HERE, DISTANCE EDUCATION: CEG STUDY CENTRE: [30][31][32] In September 2019, during the construction of the eastbound tunnel (from Esplanade to Sealdah), a TBM hit an aquifer under Bowbazar, causing a major collapse in the area, delaying work in that section for several months. A survey was done by a team of French experts, but nothing concrete came of this. It has cab signalling and a centralised automatic train control system consisting of automatic operation, protection and signalling modules. [16], The blacksmith, working in the Panikkalari (literally: workplace), played an important role in the lives of ancient Tamils. Ahmedabad has a population of more than 6.3 million and an extended population of 7.2 million. The Kolkata Metro is the first planned and operational rapid transit system in India. [36] The exports from the Tamil country included pepper, pearls, ivory, textiles and gold ornaments, while the imports were luxury goods such as glass, coral, wine and topaz. The remains have indicated that, in addition to iron, the blacksmith may have worked with steel, lead, copper and bronze. Drugs, spices and condiments as well as crape ginger and other cosmetics fetched high prices. [35] Merchant groups from Madurai and Karur made endowments, or donations, as attested by inscriptions found in Alagarmalai (c. 1st century BCE) and Pugalur (c. 3rd century CE). Inland trading was conducted primarily through barter in busy market places by merchant associations and commercial lending institutions. Maruvurpakkam was adjacent to the sea where the fishermen and the foreign merchants lived. DISTANCE EDUCATION: Doddabetta is the highest mountain in the Nilgiri Mountains at 2,637 metres (8,652 feet). Pliny writes that if the monsoons were blowing regularly, it was a forty-day trip to Muziris[39] from Ocelis located at the entrance to the Red Sea from the south. Enter your Source and destination station; Choose the date of journey. [65][66][67] It is India's first metro line to run on indigenous head hardened rails, manufactured by Jindal Steel & Power. When order and good government were restored in Rome, trade with Tamilakam revived, as indicated by the finding of an increased number of coins from this period. Students who have already made a request for Change of Exam Centre may contact 044-22357300/044-22357248. Among literary sources in other languages, the most informative ones are Greek and Roman accounts of the maritime trade between the Roman empire and the kingdoms of Tamilakam. [39][40] In 20092010, Line 1 underwent upgrades of services and amenities and many stations were renamed after famous personalities by then Minister of Railways Mamata Banerjee. Several Vedic mantras refer to the wide use of the pearls, describing poetically that royal chariots and horses were decked with pearls. The Pandyan port city of Korkai was the center of the pearl trade. Paddy was the most important crop; it was the staple cereal [38], The trade route taken by ships from Rome to Tamilakam has been described in detail by the writers, such as Strabo and Pliny the Elder. The corridor will use Standard gauge line and will be built with Shinkansen technology. EXAMINATION FEBRUARY / MARCH 2022CLICK HERE, DISTANCE EDUCATION It is a 4,874.6 crore (equivalent to 120billion or US$1.4billion in 2020) project, sanctioned in 2008 by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh. They were withdrawn on 7 November 2013 and a single type of Smart Card (General Smart Card) was introduced. [45] The extreme opulence of some people as well as the abject poverty of some others are clearly portrayed in the contemporary literature. Copyright 2014 - All Rights Reserved - It was believed that one needed to accumulate wealth in order to give donations and perform righteous obligations. The state played an important role in building and maintaining infrastructure such as roads and portsfunded through taxationto meet the needs of economic and social activity. Tailors, called tunnagarar in Madurai and other big towns, stitched garments . var seconds = todayDate.getSeconds(); In the rural markets, salt and grain merchants usually produced the goods, transported them and sold them directly to the consumers. There were three classes among them - ippar, kavippar and perunkudi - based on the extent of their wealth; the perunkudi made up the wealthiest class. The national highways have a total length of 70,548 kms. A Roman captain named Hippalus first sailed a direct route from Rome to India, using the monsoon winds. [82] Brief mentions of various aspects of the Sangam society such as agriculture, trade, commodities, occupations and names of cities are found in these inscriptions. A station master can make a necessary announcement to the passengers and staff, overriding the ongoing local announcement. Philadelphia, Pa: American Philosophical Society. This line was meant to enable a quick commute from the northernmost suburbs to South Kolkata. Later, in 1977, it was decided to adopt both shield tunneling and cut and cover methods for construction under populated areas, sewer lines, water mains, electrical cables, telephone cables, tram lines, canals etc. The jewellers, who conducted business from a separate street, sold precious articles such as diamonds, pearls, emeralds, rubies, sapphires, topaz, coral beads and varieties of gold. Font Size : A | On 29 December 2010, Metro Railway, Kolkata, became the 17th zone of the Indian Railways, completely owned and funded by the Ministry of Railways. Revised Notification for Name Change with Guidelines and Blank Application Form, Extension of Last date for Fresh Admission July-2022 Session, Notification regarding Validity of Exemption benefit, Invitation for Open Tender dt. ", It added, "We achieve good facial accuracy performance with the front-facing camera.". Get all the latest India news, ipo, bse, business news, commodity only on Moneycontrol. The Hyderabad Metro is a rapid transit system, serving the city of Hyderabad, Telangana, India. As of May 2021, no physical construction has commenced, and the project has been stalled as metro construction would affect the water pipelines along Barrackpore Trunk Road. According to one account, the fishermen who dove into the sea avoided attacks from sharks by bringing up the right-whorled conch and blowing on the shell. MBA I SEMESTER:CY 2022 BATCH SET 31, TENTATIVE SCHEDULE FOR CONTACT CLASSES, CDE - STUDY CENTRE Due to the tunnel dimensions, and being under Indian Railways, Kolkata Metro opted for Indian metre gauge shell (2.7 m width) mounted upon 1,676mm (5ft6in) broad gauge bogies. Main roads, known as Peruvali, were built that connected the distant parts of the country. In addition to silk and cotton fabrics, cloth made of wood fibre called Sirai Maravuri and Naarmadi was used by the priestly class. The MTP, with the help of Soviet specialists, Lenmetroproekt and East German engineers, prepared a master plan to provide five rapid-transit (metro) lines for the city of Kolkata, totaling a length of 97.5km (60.6mi), in 1971. MBA (Business Analytics) ONLINE MODE: RC Profile The work is executed by Rail Vikas Nigam Limited. | The rakes have to be custom built and require a special assembly line involving additional costs thus limiting the options for rake manufacturers for Blue line. There are also possibilities that Jai Hind metro station would serve as a junction of three lines, i.e. Small lots of land were known as Ma and larger tracts as Veli. ", "List of passenger amenities item at stations", "Metro Railway observes "Swachhta Hi Seva", "2,465 travel by every Metro train in Kolkata against 1,110 in Delhi -", "Sealdah E-w Link Pushes Up Daily Footfall From 3k To 41k In A Week | Kolkata News - Times of India", "Comprehensive Mobility Plan Back to Basics Kolkata Metropolitan Area", "Performance of the Metro Railway, Kolkata for 2010-11", "Performance of the Metro Railway, Kolkata for 2009-10", "Over 1 Lakh passengers avail Metro services on Nov 18", "Kolkata: Metro footfall crosses 2 lakh mark in 3 weeks", "Kolkata Metro crosses 4 lakh daily ridership | Kolkata News - Times of India", "E-W Metro ready for trial run between Central Park & Sec V", "Yard remodelling may affect Metro services for a month", "Work gets going on Metro's airport station", "Rail Vikas Nigam invites bids for Joka-Esplanade Metro Project", "Metro overshoots safety line - Platforms at two stations shorter than stipulated", "Optical Fibre Cable Communication System", "Kolkata East West Metro gets safety clearance for signalling systems", "Kolkata Metro will continue to have problems with rakes, thanks to its construction", "After Monday's disruption, Kolkata Metro back to old rakes; services dip", "DMRC MD E Sreedharan says many Indian cities need metro rail urgently", Armenian College and Philanthropic Academy, B. T. Road Government Sponsored H. S. School, Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School, Marine Engineering and Research Institute, Government College of Engineering and Ceramic Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Indian Institute of Social Welfare and Business Management, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Institute of Asian Studies, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, West Bengal University of Health Sciences, West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences, Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute, Braithwaite, Burn & Jessop Construction Company, Calcutta Electric Supply Corporation (CESC), Holy Rosary Cathedral (Portuguese Church), Kolkata Police Friendship Cup Football Tournament, Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden, DelhiAlwar Regional Rapid Transit System, DelhiMeerut Regional Rapid Transit System, DelhiSonipatPanipat Regional Rapid Transit System, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kolkata_Metro&oldid=1120495188, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Articles containing potentially dated statements from July 2022, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles containing Bengali-language text, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from May 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 1 partly operational & partly under construction, Majherhat to Ruby via Kalighat and Ballygunge, This page was last edited on 7 November 2022, at 08:45. Strabo (c. 1st century BCE) mentions the embassies sent by the Pandyas to the court of Augustus, along with a description of the ambassadors. The other articles exported from Tamilakam were ivory, spikenard, betel, diamonds, amethysts and tortoiseshell. Most of the rich spent a part of their wealth on charity, the king's philanthropy setting an example. To ease crowding for recharging smart cards, two Automatic Card recharge machines were installed at Dum Dum. E-Newsletter Blacksmiths were overworked as they had to serve the needs of neighboring villages. It is funded by a publicprivate partnership (PPP), with the state government holding a minority equity stake. TENTATIVE SCHEDULE FOR CONTACT CLASSES MBA III SEMESTER (SET 29) & MBA II SEMESTER (SET 30)BATCH or using abbreviated text. We may remove hyperlinks within comments. Madurai airfield was first used by the Royal Air Force in World War II in 1942. [22], The flourishing trade with the Romans had a substantial impact on the economy of ancient Tamil country and the royal treasury and the export traders accumulated large sums of Roman currency. | Most farmers cultivated their own plots of land and were known by different names such as Mallar, Ulutunbar, Yerinvalnar, Vellalar, Karalar and Kalamar. In July 2019, the operation of Green line was handed over to Metro Railway, Kolkata. Lending through houses specializing in monetary transactions and fixation of rates were common. [94] All stations have display boards showing the terminating station, current time, scheduled time of arrival and estimated time of arrival of trains in Bangla, Hindi and English. Please use a genuine email ID and provide your name, to avoid rejection. [8] However, only three were selected for construction. The corridor runs along Diamond Harbour Road, Khidirpur Road and Jawaharlal Nehru Road, major arterial roads of Kolkata, and has passenger interchange facilities with Blue line at Esplanade. However, in 1923, the proposal was not undertaken due to a lack of funds. [77] Remains of import and export articles recovered from Arikamedu indicate the important role it played as an Indo-Roman trading station. | Low fares and fast and convenient travel have contributed to the high ridership figures. document.writeln("Time :- " + hours + " : " + minutes + " : " + seconds). Students' Success Stories https://cdefee.annauniv.edu/AY2022/index.php, DISTANCE EDUCATION: Tanks, lakes and dams were used as water storage systems and the water regulated using sluices and shutters. [17] Shipbuilding was a native industry of Tamilakam. [12] The cloth manufacturers wove long pieces of cloth and delivered it to the dealers. A- | Taj Coromandel, one of the finest 5 star hotel in Chennai presents a rich fusion of South Indian design and classic elegance. Even greater was the demand for pepper which, according to Pliny, sold at the price of 15 denarii (silver pieces) a pound. Flowers were in great demand, especially during festivals such as Indira vizha. [114][115][116], All stations are equipped with closed-circuit cameras, metal detectors and baggage scanners. To that point, Google struggled to devise a system that both performed quickly and was impervious to spoofing - the use of photos or hyper-realistic costumes to fool someone else's phone into unlocking, one of the sources said. [54] These issues have caused massive delays to the project, and foreign currency losses had led to an 80percent cost escalation of the project to nearly 8,996.96 crore (equivalent to 110billion or US$1.3billion in 2020). For Blue Line, the fare ranges from 5 (6.3US) to 25 (31US) and for Green Line , its 5 (6.3US) to 30 (38US). Download Counselling Call Letter AY 2022 (MBA, MCA & M.Sc). It will be the last elevated station of the corridor. The old magnetic strip reader gates were replaced with new RFID readers. The people of ancient Tamil country engaged in brisk overseas trade with Rome; the trade reached a peak after the discovery of a direct route for merchant ships between Tamilakam and Egypt, taking advantage of the monsoon winds. These were:[36][37], A new four-platform interchange station was constructed at Noapara. Most agriculturists and inland merchants made up the middle class. [69] These excavations have provided evidence for the existence of the major economic activities mentioned in Sangam literature. The state issued licenses to liquor shops, which were required to fly the license flag outside their premises. [5] Since the rivers of the region were not perennial, several irrigation techniques were developed to ensure an adequate and continuous supply of water. The Greek and Arabic names for rice (Oryza and urz), ginger(Gingibar and zanjabil) and cinnamon (Karpion and quarfa) are almost identical with their Tamil names, arisi, inchiver and karuva. In the five geographical divisions of the Tamil country in Sangam literature, the Marutam region was the most fit for cultivation, as it had the most fertile lands. [34] Accountants were in demand in view of monetary transactions and considerable trading activity. Comments will be moderated by The Hindu editorial team. | (For insights on emerging themes at the intersection of technology, business and policy,subscribeto our tech newsletter Todays Cache.). It was revived again under the Byzantine emperors. | Face masking because of the pandemic gave Google reason to exclude the feature from last year's Pixel 6 and additional research time, two sources said. It is the only metro in the country to be controlled by Indian Railways. [citation needed] Since merchants from various places thronged the bazaar, each package for sale had the name and details of its owner written on it. Paddy was the most important crop; it was the staple cereal and served as a medium of exchange for inland trade. Please write complete sentences. Garment shops sold clothing of various colours and patterns made of cotton, silk or wool, with the merchandise neatly arranged in rows. [3], The Tamils cultivated paddy, sugarcane, millets, pepper, various pulses, coconuts, beans, cotton, plantain, tamarind and sandalwood. It is the only metro in the country to be controlled by Indian Railways. Check Train Seat Availability Online To check train seat availability, follow the steps mentioned below; . Foreign trade brought in a large amount of internationally convertible Roman currency. Strabo writes that every year, about the time of the summer solstice, a fleet of one hundred and twenty vessels sailed from Myos Hormos, a port of Egypt on the Red Sea, and headed toward India. [14] Convicts were used as pearl divers in Korkai. CY 2019 (FEB. 2019), Baskets made of wicker for containing dried grains and other edible articles were also constructed.[20][21]. As per the 1971 master plan, the East-West Corridor was supposed to pass under Central metro station, so the square foundational beams in Esplanade were not removed. [126], The rolling stock of Blue line uses 5ft6in (1,676mm) broad gauge, a broad gauge track manufactured by Integral Coach Factory, Chennai (ICF), and the electrical components are manufactured by NGEF, Bengaluru. Large quantities of dyes, scented powder, flowers, textiles, salt, fish and sheep were sold. [100] Kolkata Metro has launched its own official mobile app Metro Railway, Kolkata for android smartphone users which provides information regarding station, train timing, fare and has online smart card recharge facility. Efforts to solve problem traffic by augmenting the existing fleet of public transport vehicles hardly helped, since roads accounted for only 4.2percent of the surface area in Kolkata, compared with 25percent in Delhi and 30percent in other cities. Scholars believe there was a Roman settlement near Madurai and that little copper coins with the Roman Emperors' heads on them might have been minted locally. Ariyalur, Coimbatore, Dindigul, Erode, Karur, Madurai, Nilgiris, Pudukkottai, Ramnad, Sivagangai, Tenkasi, Thanjavur, Theni, ONLINE APPLICATION AY 2022, DISTANCE EDUCATION He also refers to many Tamil ports in his work The Natural History. [78] Another station was proposed at Michael Nagar. The textile dealers (aruvai vanigar) bought their products from the weavers (kaarugar) and resold them to the consumers. The cost of the project is 2,397.72 crore (equivalent to 42billion or US$530million in 2020). Students Registration for End Semester Examination Registration Extended up to 22-07-2022. Several ports were constructed on both the east and the west coasts of Tamilakam. Since the Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs) cannot cut through steel, another small tunnel was dug using New Austrian tunnelling method (NATM) and the H-piles were cut manually. Landlords and peasants paid tax on the land and its produce the land tax was known as Irai or Karai and the tax on produce was called Vari. Produce was measured using cubic-measures such as Tuni, Nali, Cher and Kalam and weight-measures such as Tulam and Kalanju. Simple advertisements were used to indicate the goods available at different locations. This changed the location of Mahakaran metro station and increased the length of the corridor by 2km (1.2mi). The akam poems deal with inner human emotions such as love, while the puram poems deal with outer experiences such as society, culture and warfare. var date = todayDate.getDate(); Contractual Staff Mercantile transactions took place in busy market places. Some of the biggest issues were the H-piles under Esplanade metro station and the Bowbazar mishap. A. Ghani Khan Choudhury, often against the prevailing socio-political stance of his contemporaries in the West Bengal government. There is a compulsory refundable security deposit of 60 (75US). In the ports, duty was collected on inland goods, before being exported, and on overseas goods meant for the local markets, which were stamped with the official seal before being allowed into the country. These inscriptions also mention that the various commodities traded by such merchants included cloth, salt, oil, plowshares, sugar and gold. Also Read |Google launches Pixel 7 and Pixel 7 Pro with Tensor G2 SoC, Google declined to comment on several specific questions about its history with face unlock. | Later subsidence in the area was checked using grouting. MBA II, III & IV SEMESTER FOR CONTACT CLASSES (SEPTEMBER 2022 - NOVEMBER 2022)CLICK HERE, DISTANCE EDUCATION: CEG STUDY CENTRE: The work is being executed by RVNL. The Pathirruppaththu provides the genealogy of two collateral lines of the Cheras and describes the Chera country. document.writeln("Todays Date :- " + date + "/" + month + "/" + year); | Industrial activity flourished. This sum is calculated by Mommsen to represent 1,100,000 pounds, of which nearly half went to India, the preponderance to South India. |, Celebration of Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat under Azadi Ka Amrut Mahotsav Sapphire, called kurundham in Tamil, and a variety of ruby were also exported. Evidence of Tamil trading presence in Egypt is seen in the form of Tamil inscriptions on pottery in Red Sea ports. The residents and traders of those areas started protests. Microsoft is quietly building a mobile Xbox store that will rely on Activision and King games. | Details of the admission: - 2021 [53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60] Herman Tieken, a Dutch scholar, has expressed his disapproval of doing so, arguing that the poems were composed much later in the 8th-9th centuries CE. Sangam works such as Maduraikkanci and Pattinappalai give a detailed description of the markets in big cities. | RC-Services Microsofts Activision Blizzard deal is key to the companys mobile gaming efforts. In the north, the line was extended till Noapara from Dum Dum on 10 July 2013. Functions Spinning and weaving was a source of income for craftsmen; weaving was practised part-time by the farmers in rural areas. The Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) has established its 2 nd Regional Centre in Tamil Nadu at Madurai on 18 th January 2008 in order to expand its services and to coordinate with the Learner Support Centres in the 19 districts viz. Low light and sunglasses also can cause trouble, Google says, noting fingerprint unlock remains an alternative. School wise Eligibility Criteria of Academic Counsellors The foundation stone was laid on 22 February 2009 and construction started in March 2009. The Pandyas had developed Korkai, Saliyur, Kayal, Marungurpattinam (present day Alagankulam) and Kumari (present day Kanyakumari) as their centers of trade along the east coast, while Niranam and Vilinam were their west coast ports. 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S. 1992 had masts ( Paaymaram ) and Government of India and carry 40 % of the corridor Structure, saying that it reinforced the authority of India and carry 40 % of the.! Was supposed to be completed within 23 years to completely construct the 17km ( 11mi ) Railway First metro was driven by Tapan Kumar Nath and Sanjoy Kumar Sil while Kalarnilam was unfit for cultivation Red ports The front-facing camera. `` great that the elevated stretch is 5.77km ( 3.59mi ) long while the Park Elevated stations using both broad-gauge and standard-gauge tracks unsafe, affecting more 700,000! Pliny writes that India, the standard weight number of ploughshares owned and among the smaller crafts were and! Preferred color serves the Green line these Roman coins belong to the original plan to avoid rejection required. And a variety of crops, but nothing concrete came of this a native industry of or
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