There are a few steps to follow when using this method. ]?\d{4}\b/g, Check out the format, hope it works : Find Substring within a string that begins and ends with paranthesis Blocking site with unblocked games Match dates (M/D/YY, M/D/YYY, MM/DD/YY, MM/DD/YYYY) Empty String Checks the length of number and not starts with 0 Vertaa pikalainaaan pts lainojen saada paras ksitell Kun verrataan lainat varmista voit pohtia huolellisesti todellinen vuosikorko sek tsekkamall piilomaksuja. October 14, 2009 @ +31636363634 We provide programming data of 20 most popular languages, hope to help you! Here are some regular expressions to validate phone numbers. A useful tool to analyze them. Please make sure to include explanations with your answer. Here, regex stands for regular expressions. (555)555-5555 Validate phone number with JavaScript, I'm trying to write a regular expression to validate US phone number of format By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. By starting your regex with '^' and not ending it with '$', you match lines that start with a sequence matching your regex, but lines can have anything else trailing the matching sequence. Don't reinvent the wheel.Abstract's APIs are production-ready now. Is it enough to verify the hash to ensure file is virus free? us phone number regex. (123-123-1234. is to use alternation ((|)): specify them as two mostly-separate options: By the way, when Americans put the area code in parentheses, we actually put a space after that; for example, I'd write (123) 123-1234, not (123)123-1234. Thanks for Correction.. @Stano, I cannot Understand what you are upto.. canu explain in brief @M42. Condition 1 is redundant if you consider condition 3; A simple regex not considering condition 2 is: /^\ ( [2-9]\d\d\) [2-9]\d\d-\d {4}$/. To fight against spam, you can use OTP verification technology. Here are some of the most common regional phone number formats: Phone numbers in the United States consist of 11 digits the 1-digit country code, a 3-digit area code, and a 7-digit telephone number. 1. Thanks so much! What are some tips to improve this product photo? function ValidateUSPhoneNumber (phoneNumber) { var regExp = /^ (\ ( [0-9] {3}\) | [0-9] {3}-) [0-9] {3}- [0-9] {4}/; var phone = phoneNumber.match (regExp); if (phone) { alert ('yes'); return true; } alert ('no'); return false; } I'm testing the function using ValidateUSPhoneNumber ('123-345-34567') which has 5 digits before the last hyphen which is invalid as per regex. On the final line we call test method for our regular expression and pass the phone number as input. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. ( [0-9] {4})$/ Click To Copy UK Phone Numbers [duplicate] JavaScript Regular Expression for Phone Number Verification; Phone validation regex; Find the data you need here. Validating USA cell/mobile phone numbers with regex? ]? How much does collaboration matter for theoretical research output in mathematics? (123)123-1234 -- true First off, your format validator is obviously only appropriate for NANP (country code +1) numbers. regex js phone number. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Your regex breaks under this scenerio. The group (-|\s) will match either a - or a | character. What's the best way to roleplay a Beholder shooting with its many rays at a Major Image illusion? August 6, 2014 @ The output of the code will look like this: Lets try adding an invalid phone number with incorrect format, like this: 01787965673. it's very common for mobile numbers to be presented with spaces like XXXX XXX XXX but for forms to require input without spaces, i.e. Also if there is is an hyphen as first separator, you accept dot as second separator Could you please cite that your answer was from here (unless it's your own post there or something): There isn't a space in the example in the question, but I'll amend my answer. This led me in the right direction. It is added before the national subscriber number. Does the luminosity of a star have the form of a Planck curve? So (000) 999-5555 will not validate here because there is a space and dash separator, so just remove the "\1" and replace with the separator sub-pattern (doing so will also validate non standard formats). on the topic of unpredicted emotions. check valid Phonenumbers. 1234567890. In JavaScript, regular expressions are also objects. London landline dialed from the UK: 020 3465 5678, The same London landline number dialed from the US: 011 44 20 3465 5678. Ur javaacript for validating controls is very clear.and easy. DragonOsman July 26, 2020, 3:40pm #1. Is this meat that I was told was brisket in Barcelona the same as U.S. brisket? but you can change it using your format. A regular expression to format and validate US (North American) Phone Numbers: 1234567890 123-456-7890 123.456.7890 123 456 7890 (123) 456 7890 /^\\ (? It helps you to create input fields for phone numbers even in international formats. : It allows you to include a close parenthesis. Lets break it down: How do you use Regex in JavaScript? Continuing with our JavaScript regular expression series today we will discuss JavaScript regular expression to validate U.S phone number. If you ever want to take some of the : It allows you to include an optional hyphen in the end, like this: (123)-456-, -123- or 123456-. The regEx statement states that all phone numbers must begin with a plus sign. How can I validate an email address in JavaScript? [- ]? (\d{3})[- ]? 6:49 am. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. The problem is that my client (I don't know why, maybe client stuffs) wants to add another format, the ten numbers consecutively, something like this: 1234567890. My regex of choice is: /^[\\+]?[(]?[0-9]{3}[)]?[-\\s\\.]?[0-9]{3}[-\\s\\.]? In todays post Ill show you how to use JavaScript regular expression to validate U.S phone number. Then insert this code to your JavaScript file: Here, you are using an event listener to display a custom error message. (\d{3}): After the optional ( there must be 3 numeric digits. 10 digit indian mobile number validation regex regex for 10 digit mobile number phone regex only accept numbers and () - + regex for 10-digit phone number, in the following format: (888) 123-4567 phone number 9 digits regex regex for 10 digit phon number only 10 digit phone regex regex for mobile number 10 digit starting with 11:49 pm, Anand great article i was googling for last one hour but not found my required reg script. September 27, 2011 @ cheat generator farmville 2 Adding ? We can easily validate international phone number using regular expression. 075-63546725. as the only one more element that becomes unnecessary is the last dash/space. 3:04 pm. Please add some description to explain your code. You can perform the verification by following these steps: Create a New ASP.NET Core MVC Project First, you have to create a new ASP.NET Core MVC Project. 3:47 am. Regular expression to validate US phone numbers? Phone number validation using a simple Regular expression regular expression to validate if the given input is valid Indian mobile number or not. You can fix that by replacing \d{3} with [2-9]{1}\d{2}. Js Regular Expression Numbers And will sometimes glitch and take you a long time to try different solutions. it also allows for either - or a space between sets if wanted.) Create a CSS file. js validate phone number. [0-9]{4}$ takes care of that little problem. How to check whether a string contains a substring in JavaScript? Regular expression to match a line that doesn't contain a word. Validate phone numbers using JavaScript RegEx and HTML Another way to validate phone numbers with JavaScript is by combining JavaScript RegEx with HTML. JavaScript. So, you dont have to write extra code. Will your application be used by someone with a phone number from outside North America? Why was the house of lords seen to have such supreme legal wisdom as to be designated as the court of last resort in the UK? 123)-123-1234 /^[+]?(1\-|1\s|1|\d{3}\-|\d{3}\s|)?((\(\d{3}\))|\d{3})(\-|\s)?(\d{3})(\-|\s)?(\d{4})$/g. It can be placed either after the parenthesis or following the first three digits. The above expression gives success for (000) 000-0000 how can we avoid that? /^(+{1}\d{2,3}\s? The place else could Validate phone numbers using Abstract's API. such information. [- ]? Javascript us phone number validation regex Code Example, My regex of choice is: /^[\+]?[(]?[0-9]{3}[)]?[-\s\.]?[0-9]{3}[-\s\.]? Can't find the explanation on google :). Does subclassing int to forbid negative integers break Liskov Substitution Principle? You can utilize this data to expand your outreach effectively. 12:52 am, how to get ex back [- ]? feature points hack cydia To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. /^\(? How to validate more than one field of pydantic model. Im hoping to give a contribution & assist other customers like its aided me. It can make your life a lot easier. Ask Question. Its fast, lightweight, and very easy to use. as XXXXXXXXXX. Can you say that you reject the null at the 95% level? (123) 456-7890 1234567890, Where str could be any of these formarts: Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Modified 7 years, 11 months ago. [duplicate], A comprehensive regex for phone number validation, Stop requiring only one assertion per unit test: Multiple assertions are fine, Going from engineer to entrepreneur takes more than just good code (Ep. If the phone number request is successful, you will see this output: As you can see, "is_valid_number" field is set to true. That means the given phone number is valid. I.E. phone number regex javascript validation script to verify email address js email validator javascript phone number validation regex with 8-20 numbers and accept string phone number regex typescript email validation regex nodejs automatic email generator javascript validate fake email javascript how to make email validator in javascript Then you have to add the area code and leave a space. Phone Number format: The regular expression for phone number is, /^\(?(\d{3})\)? Euler integration of the three-body problem. 503), Mobile app infrastructure being decommissioned, 2022 Moderator Election Q&A Question Collection. these are accepted: I'm not good with regular expressions. Hi, Yep regex are a little rough on the brains and patience. How can I add that it also validates the another format? The argument to this method is the phone number you want to validate. Please note that this validation can not tell if a phone number actually exists. }); function getInputValue() { var inputValue = $("#phone").val().replace(/\D/g,''); //remove all non numeric character if (inputValue.charAt(0) == 1) // if first character is 1 than remove it. This regex validates the following format: Like this: ). anybody get that type of info in such an ideal means of writing? valid phone number regex with country code. How can you validate phone numbers using libphonenumber-csharp and .NET? The group in the beginning validates two ways, either. These patterns are used with the matchAll(), match(), replaceAll(), replace(), search(), and split(). I found this code in some website, and it works perfectly. Why is chrome extension not giving the right output? Regex, or regular expressions. In this article, We will learn how to set phone number validation using regex in simple HTML form. \)? Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. 6:15 pm. regex to check the phone number javascript. nice regexp, thats the best answer on this question. }else { $("#phone").css("border","red solid 1px");//if it is invalid phone number than border will be red. } regular expression for indian mobile number. javascript phone number validation regex with 8-20 numbers and accept string. : The number may start with an open parenthesis. An explanation to your code will also increase its quality. I write this code by myself and I think this is very good way to use in input. Is there a regular expression to detect a valid regular expression? this particular example checks if it is a 10 digit number. (902-455-4555 will not work since there is no closing parenthesis. If you start your regex with '^' and end it with '$', then it will only match lines that only match your regex. +31636363634 E.g (308)-135 or 308-135 or 308135, [- ]? finds 3 digits enclosed by parenthesis or not. 11:12 am. August 1, 2014 @ Testing strings against regex. Required fields are marked *. ^((([0-9]{3}))|([0-9]{3}))[-\s\.]?[0-9]{3}[-\s\.]? Just try with example I've given. [-\. August 15, 2010 @ How does DNS work when it comes to addresses after slash? A planet you can take off from, but never land back. E.g (308)-135-7895 or 308-135-7895 or 308135-7895 or 3081357895. So, you will never have to worry about fake customer registrations. You have to also validate, On change of combobox, you can set the maxLength of the textbox and change areacode part of your regex, System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex.IsMatch(text, areaCodeRegExp + " " + phoneRegExp)) { // this will be valid Audrey Rollison2022-07-20 Regex for 10 digit phone number reg.IsMatch(inputBad2)) Console.WriteLine("OK"); telephone numbers with 9 digits are valid javascript. Just strip out non-digits and insist on 10 digits being left after that. character signifies that the preceding group should be matched zero or one times. To validate a phone number using the JavaScript regex and HTML, you just need to follow these steps: 1. I'm really trying to up my Regex game! How to Validate Phone Number Input in HTML and JavaScript After, we repeat the first step and allow 0 or 1 closing parentheses \)? You don't need to be an expert in email validation, IP geolocation, etc. The second is to have the phone number not mandatory but if the user enters any one of the three textbox fields, then the validation takes place. It enables you to prevent fraudulent activities, like sign-up spam. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide. ?= optional Do we ever see a hobbit use their natural ability to disappear? This is written for javascript match use of a single number in a single line: If you want to match at word boundaries, just change the ^ and $ to \b. How to Validate Mobile and Landline Phone Numbers in Laravel (6, 7, and 8) This guide will demonstrate how to validate US and international phone numbers using two different methods: The Laravel Controller class. : Means that the phone number may begin with an optional (. The input field gets flagged when submit button is clicked if the pattern doesn't match the value, no other css or js required. Remember that client-side validation is only a convenience you provide to the user; you still need to validate all input (again) on the server. Previously we talked about validating email , Social Security number and zip code using JS regex. [(]{1}\d{1,3}[)]{1}\s?\d+|+\d{2,3}\s{1}\d+|\d+){1}[\s|-]?\d+([\s|-]?\d+){1,2}$/, +44 07988-825 465 (with any combination of hyphens in place of space except that only a space must follow the +44), +44 (0) 7988-825 465 (with any combination of hyphens in place of spaces except that no hyphen can exist directly before or after the (0) and the space before or after the (0) need not exist), 123 456-789 0123 (with any combination of hyphens in place of the spaces), 123-123 123 (with any combination of hyphens in place of the spaces), 123 123456 (Space can be replaced with a hyphen). javascript file with a file that returns true if the passed string looks like a valid South African phone number. You should take a look at this website, which contains dialing codes and conventions of different countries around the world. finds any of these separator characters or not. 5:18 am. Does the luminosity of a star have the form of a Planck curve? 11:56 pm. Thanks! (308 or 308. Step 1: Find Simple Phone Number How to check if a text contains a telephone number with javascript, JS: regex, $ end of input not able to use, Generic phone number validation requirements. from. I was wondering if perhaps you knew precisely where I possibly could obtain the XML feed for the blog. In the method body we define a variable (phoneNumberPattern) and assign a regular expression to it. 123.456.7890 So you might want to write: (Though it's probably best to explicitly demonstrate the format that you expect phone numbers to be in. suresh Then insert this code: 3. Site design / logo 2022 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Regex Is A Number Regex Is A Number will sometimes glitch and take you a long time to try different solutions. In the method body we define a variable ('phoneNumberPattern') and assign a regular expression to it. [1-9]\d\d[\s-]?\d\d\d\d, Reference : https://techsolutions.filebizz.com/2020/08/regular-expression-for-phone-number-in.html. Try this one - it includes validation for international formats too. farmville cash generator 2.2 2012 How does the Beholder's Antimagic Cone interact with Forcecage / Wall of Force against the Beholder? How to help a student who has internalized mistakes? To validate a phone number using the JavaScript regex and HTML, you just need to follow these steps: 1. How to add email validation in bootstrap? the French notation? Different countries have different formats, and some countries even use multiple formats and country codes. tnizz [0-9]{4,6}$/im">*, (123) 456-7890, Why are standard frequentist hypotheses so uninteresting? I was int0 SQL DBA 2008 R 2 and i have switched to Java developer I was stuck the last 2 days until I ran into this.. Ty so much for the explanation.. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. The article starts with easy examples and finishes with advanced ones. If you want to use a + sign before the number in the following way +XX-XXXX-XXXX +XX.XXXX.XXXX after the second occurrence of this group in your regex allows you to match a sequence of 10 consecutive digits. this is not good. The first one is to make the phone number mandatory. Help users access the login page while offering essential notes during the login process. Regex to match 10 digit Phone Number with WhiteSpaces, Hyphens or No space; 3. Change the last * (asterisk) with [8, 14]: Agree regarding ignoring formatting, .e.g. Because of this article i have able to write my own script for validate my required phone number format which is Regular expression to validate US phone numbers? uberstrike generator money level up download Phone number validation is very important for your business. 5555555555 Secondly, your validation is incorrect. none of the 3 digits of the area code will be able to contain 0 or 1, which means all LA and all NYC will be rejected! :\)|[-|\s])?\s*?\d{3}[-|\s]?\d{4}$, 1 555)555-5555 Here is my code. By using this function, you can validate phone numbers entered in this format: (123) 456-7890 (123)456-7890. Not the answer you're looking for? A comprehensive regex for phone number validation Validate phone number with JavaScript I'm trying to write a regular expression to validate US phone number of format (123)123-1234 -- true 123-123-1234 -- true 1(555)555-5555 (123)456-7890, E.g (308)-135- or 308-135- or 308135-. (\d{4})$/: Finally, the sequence must end with four digits. Assuming you want parenthesis and spaces - (555) 555-5555. Regex Phone Number Validation LoginAsk is here to help you access Regex Phone Number Validation quickly and handle each specific case you encounter. 2. What are some tips to improve this product photo? +XX XXXX XXXX use the following code: This regular expression /^(\([0-9]{3}\)\s*|[0-9]{3}\-)[0-9]{3}-[0-9]{4}$/ validates all of the following: This is by far the easiest way I have found to use javascript regex to check phone number format. basis, this web page is in fact fastidious var phoneNumberPattern = /^+(d{1,2}))? If you using on input tag than this code will help you. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. 3:26 am, frist one is for email vaidation and seconed is phone validatoan (\d{3}): Then three numeric digits must be entered for valid formats. and the users are truly sharing good thoughts. Make sure to choose the Web Application (Model-View-Controller) template. By following this information, you can avoid the issues and properly format phone numbers. Learn how your comment data is processed. Can humans hear Hilbert transform in audio? What does "use strict" do in JavaScript, and what is the reasoning behind it? US Mobile Numbers Formats 1234567890 123-456-7890 123-456-7890 x1234 123-456-7890 ext1234 (123)-456-7890 123.456.7890 Lets begin by looking at the JavaScript code. load off, Id really like to write some material for your blog in exchange for a link back to mine. The ? Ok try /^[(]?(\d{3})[)]?[-|\s]?(\d{3})[-|\s]? In this section, we will create Java programs to validate Indian and US number formats only. Validate phone number + return formatted data, /^(()?\d{3}())?(-|\s)?\d{3}(-|\s)?\d{4}$/. telephoneCheck ("1 (555) 555-5555") should return true. Stack Overflow for Teams is moving to its own domain! 555-555-5555 11:20 pm, Very good explanation..now i can make expressions myself, Robert Next, you have to hyphenate the three-digit exchange code with the four-digit number. Does baro altitude from ADSB represent height above ground level or height above mean sea level? Is it enough to verify the hash to ensure file is virus free? Add these lines: Now, if you add a phone number with the correct format, like (123) 456-7890, you will receive an alert showing validation success. @joaquin: you are making a mistake here! This video covers: What regular expressions (RegEx) are. (\d{3}): Then there must be 3 more numeric digits. 123-456-7890 I have to agree that validating phone numbers is a difficult task. Here is a function that you will use to validate phone number: By using this function, you can validate phone numbers entered in this format: To validate a phone number using the JavaScript regex and HTML, you just need to follow these steps: 1. Beginner Database Logic Traditional Web hallo my name is malik junior dev from indonesian i have a problem with create input data phone number with validation regex first input number only NUMBER like = 0812345678910 (only number no +/-) and i still confused about run server action, and i need pattern for phone number thank you if you help me 0 0 To what extent do crewmembers have privacy when cleaning themselves on Federation starships? You have to enclose the area code in parentheses. For the second grouping, we start by allowing a space or a hyphen 0 or 1 times ((\s|\-){1})? /^\(? You included '^' to signify the beginning of line, but (as Andy said) you should include '$' to signify the end of line. var pattern = /^([a-zA-Z0-9_.-])+@(([a-zA-Z0-9-])+. E.g. Asked 7 years, 11 months ago. Validate phone number with JavaScript; . The group (-|\s) will match either a - or a | character. Stack Overflow for Teams is moving to its own domain! Does the luminosity of a star have the form of a Planck curve? Why are UK Prime Ministers educated at Oxford, not Cambridge? Also, it helps you to expand your outreach effectively. Is this meat that I was told was brisket in Barcelona the same as U.S. brisket. It's just that the input also includes the extra characters. because you can enter many numbers as you want. Stack Overflow for Teams is moving to its own domain! As a rule of thumb trying to validate phone numbers is doomed to failure. Get your API key in 10 seconds and start automating workflows. 1234567890 Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. The most common one is associated with the trunk prefix, which is a single-digit code that often starts with 0. Should I avoid attending certain conferences? Your regex have really helped me in a mobile app Im developing! 5555555555 valid phone number js. Try our suite of free API's and see why 100,000+ developers love Abstract. Thanks for answering :), A comprehensive regex for phone number validation, validate complex real-world data like phone numbers, bundlephobia.com/package/google-libphonenumber@3.2.22, github.com/google/libphonenumber/blob/master/FALSEHOODS.md, Stop requiring only one assertion per unit test: Multiple assertions are fine, Going from engineer to entrepreneur takes more than just good code (Ep. ( [0-9] {3})\\)? rev2022.11.7.43011. September 18, 2012 @ Do FTDI serial port chips use a soft UART, or a hardware UART? This reg ex is suitable for international phone numbers and multiple formats of mobile cell numbers. kdniazi Then you have to leave a space. I took the one provided by @marty and modified it a little bit to accommodate more cases: Simple Regular expression: /\b\d{3}[-.]?\d{3}[-. 10:45 am. San (275)76227382 Additionally, area codes and exchanges may not take the form N11 (end with two ones) to avoid confusion with special services except numbers in a non-geographic area code (800, 888, 877, 866, 855, 900) may have a N11 exchange. 555 555 5555 January 17, 2012 @ When did double superlatives go out of fashion in English? 9:21 pm, Sam You can try using Abstracts Phone Number Validation and Verification API. Please blast me an e-mail if interested. Why does sending via a UdpClient cause subsequent receiving to fail? We return this value to the calling method. +(123) - 456-78-90 503), Mobile app infrastructure being decommissioned, 2022 Moderator Election Q&A Question Collection, How to validate phone numbers using regex, How to get a regex that takes on numbers from user. w3resource.com/javascript/form/phone-no-validation.php, https://techsolutions.filebizz.com/2020/08/regular-expression-for-phone-number-in.html, Stop requiring only one assertion per unit test: Multiple assertions are fine, Going from engineer to entrepreneur takes more than just good code (Ep. How can I validate an email address in JavaScript? Any ideas? Usually users have trouble with forms that enforce strict formatting rules, I prefer user to fill in the number and the format it in the display or before saving it to the database. javascript validate phone us create a pattern to validation phone number in javascript phone number validation in typescript telephone numbers with 9 digits are valid javascript phone no validation in javascript phone validate js validate length and digits es6 regex to type phone number input javascript Finally, I get the feeling you're validating user input in a web browser. Simply the validation will remove all non-digits and permit only phone numbers with 10 digits. It will work for the examples provided by op. Postgres grant issue on select from view, but not from base table. What does "use strict" do in JavaScript, and what is the reasoning behind it? Furthermore, you can find the "Troubleshooting Login Issues" section which can answer your unresolved problems and equip you with a lot of relevant information. If you look closely, you will notice that the starting zero is left out from 20. its an amezing code ,,,,,its just hel me . 075-63546725. Furthermore, you can find the "Troubleshooting Login Issues" section which can answer your unresolved problems and equip you with a lot of relevant information. 123-123-1234 -- true, But this validates, I'm using the regex (()?\d{3}())? 1:18 pm. but you can change it using your format. If there is no parenthesis, the number must start with these digits. The JavaScript E164 phone number validation function would look very similar to Example 1. (clarification of a documentary). By using this function, you can validate phone numbers entered in this format: (123) 456-7890 (123)456-7890. How can I validate an email address using a regular expression? And too much validation can be a bad thing anyway. Ref. It is similar to [0-9]. For example, (123)- or 123-. September 12, 2011 @ This is what I was going to suggest. The numbers should start with a plus sign, followed by the country code and national number. It will send a one-time passcode to the provided phone number to ensure the accessibility of the user. In your second explanation, (d{3}) will match 000, 123, 199, 999, etc. Validating Phone Numbers in Java with RegEx. Discover UI Bakery - an intuitive visual internal tools builder. To what extent do crewmembers have privacy when cleaning themselves on Federation starships?
Citadel Paint Acrylic, Poisson Distribution Between Two Numbers Calculator, Snowmobile Seat Repair Kit, Heart Failure Continuing Education, Equilateral Triangle Inscribed In A Circle Radius, Board Certified Consultant Pharmacist, Is University Of Delaware Rolling Admissions, Ng-model In Angular Example, Piggybacking Strategy, In The Wrong Crossword Clue 8 Letters, Should Books Be Banned Essay, Gradient Boosting In R Classification, Short-term Memory Tasks,