0.51%. On the north side of the peninsula is Chernomorskoe/Kalos Limen. Their . 2001 Ukrainian census, "Yushchenko Appeals to Crimean Authority Not to Speculate on Language", Poll: Most Crimean residents consider Ukraine their motherland, Soviet conspiracy theories and political culture in Ukraine:Understanding Viktor Yanukovych and the Party of Region, "Crimea to Hold First Census Since Russian Annexation", "Mejlis doubts preliminary results of Crimean census | Crimean News Agency", " ", Federal State Statistics Service of Russia, " ", http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/education_population/s3/?box=3.1W&out_type=&id=&rz=1_1&rz_b=2_1&k_t=01&id=&botton=cens_db, distribution of population by age and educational standard 2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Crimea&oldid=1117283952, completed higher education: 175,838 (14.6%), higher education (partial or complete): 476,793 (39.6%), completed secondary education: 507,881 (49.7%), secondary education (partial or complete): 685,855 (57.0%), 10% believed in God but did not belong to any religion, This page was last edited on 20 October 2022, at 22:06. Crimea is almost an island and only connected to the continent by the Isthmus of Perekop, a strip of land about 57 kilometres (3.14.3mi) wide. Special issue. In 1774, the Ottoman Empire was defeated by Catherine the Great with the Treaty of Kk Kaynarca making the Tatars of the Crimea politically independent. [88][89] The Russian national payment card system now allows Visa and MasterCard cards issued by Russian banks to work in Crimea. Life expectancy in the Republic of Crimea, Life expectancy in Crimea and neighboring regions, In 2013, Orthodox Christians made up 58% of the Crimean population, followed by Muslims (15%) and believers in God without religion (10%). [79], In the 1990s, Crimea became more of a get-away destination than a "health-improvement" destination. Numerous kurgans, or burial mounds, of the ancient Scythians are scattered across the Crimean steppes. About 200,000 Crimean Tatars, 70,000 Greeks, 14,000 Bulgarians, Germans and Armenians were deported to Central Asia and Siberia. Covering an area of 27,000km2 (10,425sqmi), Crimea is located on the northern coast of the Black Sea and on the western coast of the Sea of Azov; the only land border is shared with Ukraine's Kherson Oblast on the north. A new phase of tourist development began when the Soviet government started promoting the healing quality of the local air, lakes and therapeutic muds. ", "About number and composition population of Autonomous Republic of Crimea by data All-Ukrainian population census", "About number and composition population of Ukraine by data All-Ukrainian Population Census 2001", The Deportation and Destruction of the German Minority in the USSR, On Germans Living on the Territory of the Ukrainian SSR, The Persecution of Pontic Greeks in the Soviet Union, "Public Opinion Survey Residents of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea", Russia seeks to crush Ukrainian Orthodox Church in Crimea for helping resist Russification, , , The Ukrainian Church of the Moscow Patriarchate demanded the return of the Crimea, "Eurovision 2016: Ukraine's Jamala wins with politically charged 1944", "UEFA-backed league starts play in Crimea", "Ukrainian Sport Minister urges Federations not to let athletes switch to Russia without serving qualifying period", 14 Russians bid to take part in IAAF World Championships, Lists of Crimean Tartar villages emptied in the May 1944 deportations, and most of them renamed in Russian, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crimea&oldid=1120007795, (under construction) Tavrida highway (route Yevpatoria-) Sevastopol Simferopol (SW to W N to East ring) Bilohirsk, P59 (completely within the city of Sevastopol), This page was last edited on 4 November 2022, at 16:04. In an essay on the Nazaccent.ru portal yesterday, Lyang says that the way . [Censuses in Crimean Federal District], " " [Tables with the results of the Federal Statistical observation "Census in the Crimean Federal District"], Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Empire, Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks, International Transport Workers' Federation, International sanctions during the Ukrainian crisis, Ministry of Reintegration of Temporarily Occupied Territories, Crimean parliamentary election on 14 September 2014, Russian legislative election on 18 September 2016, Ukrainian Orthodox Church Kyiv Patriarchate, Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate), Russia currently being suspended from all international athletic competitions, 2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine, International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic, The Tatars of Crimea: Return to the Homeland: Studies and Documents, Jews in Byzantium: Dialectics of Minority and Majority Cultures, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, "The Sultan's Raiders: The Military Role of the Crimean Tatars in the Ottoman Empire", "The Eye of the Whirlwind: Belarus and Ukraine", "Russia puts military on high alert as Crimea protests leave one man dead", "Gunmen Seize Government Buildings in Crimea", The Crimea Crisis An International Law Perspective, "UN General Assembly adopts resolution affirming Ukraine's territorial integrity", "Three canyons trekking (Chernorechensky Canyon, Uzunja Canyon and Grand Crimean Canyon). Language: Russian, Ukrainian, Crimean Tatar. Here, the narrow strip of coast and the slopes of the mountains are smothered with greenery. West: The Isthmus of Perekop /Perekop/Or Qapi, about 7km (4mi) wide, connects Crimea to the mainland. [44] The North Crimea Canal, which transports water from the Dnieper, is the largest of the man-made irrigation channels on the peninsula. The Roman historian Pliny the Elder noted that in the II century BC, 30 peoples lived peacefully in the mountains of Tavria, called Crimea in the Middle Ages. Citing and using materials in offline media, mobile apps, Smart TV are allowed only with written permission from Ukrinform. [27], A survey in May 2013, asked respondents what language they spoke at home:[28], Note that the proportion of people in the survey who gave their ethnicity as Ukrainian was 20%, Crimean Tatar 15%. This is the most recent, recent data. Ivan Aivazovsky, the 19th-century marine painter of Armenian origin, who is considered one of the major artists of his era was born in Feodosia and lived there for the most part of his life. According to the expert, the "colonizers" will make up the vast majority of the population in the occupied Crimea in a few years. The Crimean Tatars were forcibly expelled to Central Asia by Joseph Stalin's government as a form of collective punishment, on the grounds that some had joined the invading Waffen-SS, forming Tatar Legions, during World War II. In 1783, the Russian Empire annexed Crimea after an earlier war with Turkey. Since 2014, the Russian Federation has actively pursued a policy of population transfer with the aim of displacing the disloyal population from the territory of the peninsula through deportations, entry prohibitions and the creation of conditions that make it impossible to live in Crimea. The Republic of Crimea, officially part of Ukraine, lies on a peninsula stretching out from the south of Ukraine between the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. In Soviet times the many palaces were replaced with dachas and health resorts. [citation needed] However, there are no major international banks in the Crimea. During the years of Soviet rule, the resorts and dachas of this coast served as prime perquisites of the politically loyal. 3. Caffa: Early Western Expansion in the Late Medieval World, 12611475., harvnb error: no target: CITEREFJaoshvili2002 (, These numbers exclude the population numbers for Berdyansky, Dneprovsky and Melitopolsky Uyezds, which were on mainland. In Kerch, over 90 percent of the population identify Russian as their native tongue, whereas only 5.7 percent identify Ukrainian and 0.81 percent Tatar. In the 9th century, the Goths in Crimea turned to the Greek Orthodox Church, under the direction of the Metropolitanate of Gothia. To the east, the Crimean Bridge, constructed in 2018, spans the Strait of Kerch, linking the peninsula with Krasnodar Krai in Russia. Following the election, Sergey Aksyonov became Head of the Republic of Crimea: he had previously been Acting Head[clarification needed] since 14 April 2014. Today Crimean Tatars are returning to Crimea, changing the ethnic composition of the peninsula. Just south of Kerch the new Crimean Bridge (opened in 2018) connects Crimea to the Taman Peninsula. the peninsula and by 1993 they accounted for over 11 percent of the Crimea's population. Crimea is geographically and demographically divided into three regions, the steppe interior, the mountains, and the coast. Trolleybuses are also operated in Sevastopol and Kerch. [60] Other products produced on the Crimean Peninsula include salt, porphyry, limestone, and ironstone (found around Kerch) since ancient times. P.S. [121], Following the 2014 Russian annexation of Crimea, 38 out of the 46 Ukrainian Orthodox Church Kyiv Patriarchate parishes in Crimea ceased to exist; in three cases, churches were seized by the Russian authorities. [71] This local electricity generation has proven insufficient for local consumption and since annexation by Russia, Crimea has been reliant on an underwater power cable to mainland Russia.[72]. ), NPO Saturn with Perm PMZ; either GTD-110M modified or GTE-160 or 180 units or UTZ KTZ or a V94.2 bought by MAPNA, modified in Russian plants for PGU Thermal plants specifics. Crimea, Ukrainian Krym, also spelled Krim, autonomous republic, southern Ukraine. wendover at river oaks apartments. The average salary was $290 per month. 17 January 2018. The omission of the definite article in English ("Crimea" rather than "the Crimea") became common during the later 20th century. With a history like this and a similarly tragic history across Ukraine it's not hard to see why many say it is unfair not to mention illegal to make Crimeans take a referendum on joining Russia. Russian justification that this action was taken to protect Russian ethnicity, as declared. Strabo (Geography vii 4.3, xi. Transfer by the Russian Federation of parts of its own civilian population into the occupied territory of Ukraine", Regional Centre for . While citing and using any materials on the Internet, links to the website ukrinform.net not lower than the first paragraph are mandatory. 275 of the Criminal Code High Treason). In 2011, it reached 9 deaths per 1000 babies, and in 2012, according to the latest statistics, it was 8.5 deaths per 1000 babies. Karasu-Bazar/Bilohorsk was a commercial center. Attempts to expand the usage of Ukrainian in education and government affairs have been less successful in Crimea than in other areas of the nation. [23] Surveys of regional identities in Ukraine have shown that around 30% of Crimean residents claim to have retained a self-identified "Soviet identity". STATISTICS. The survey was conducted in the Autonomous Republic of . United Russia is also the leading party in the Legislative Assembly of Sevastopol, having won 22 of the 24 seats at the last election. Turkey provided the greatest support to Tatars in Ukraine, which had been unable to resolve the problem of education in their mother tongue in Crimea, by bringing the schools to a modern state.[102][103]. 1,965,177 . The chart shows a collapse in the population of native Crimean Tatars from 34.1% in 1897 to zero in 1959, marking brutal harassment leading up to Soviet leader Joseph Stalin's forcible deportation of the entire population in 1944, with nearly half dying in the process. Livestock production includes cattle breeding, poultry keeping, and sheep breeding. Over the next three generations, little has changed. Under Russian rule it became a kind of riviera. Mountains and islands have often served as a refuge for people fleeing wars. Historically, possession of the southern coast of Crimea was sought after by most empires of the greater region since antiquity (Roman, Byzantine, Ottoman, Russian, British and French, Nazi German, Soviet). The Alma flows west to reach the Black Sea between Yevpatoria and Sevastopol. Also important are the Kokozka (Kkkz or ), the Indole (Indol or ), the Chorna (orun, Chernaya or ), the Derekoika (Dereky or ),[37] the Karasu-Bashi (Biyuk-Karasu or -) (a tributary of the Salhyr river), the Burulcha () (also a tributary of the Salhyr), the Uchan-su, and the Ulu-Uzen'. Almost every settlement in Crimea is connected with another settlement by bus lines. Much of the natural border between the Crimean Peninsula and the Ukrainian mainland comprises the Sivash or "Rotten Sea", a large system of shallow lagoons stretching along the western shore of the Sea of Azov. History of construction, "Pray For Rain: Crimea's Dry-Up A Headache For Moscow, Dilemma For Kyiv", "Crimea Drills For Water As Crisis Deepens In Parched Peninsula", "Geographical Survey of the Crimean region", "Climate in Crimea, Weather in Yalta: How Often Does it Rain in Crimea? 1 day agoRussia which recognised Ukraines post-Soviet borders in the 1994 Budapest Memorandum annexed Crimea in 2014. . Today, more than 100 different ethnic groups live in the Crimea, the most numerous of which are Russians (68%), Ukrainians (16%), Crimean Tatars (11%), Armenians (about 1%). They are wonderful farmers and hardworking people who are respected by the local population. On the south side is the large Donuzlav Bay and the port and ancient Greek settlement of Yevpatoria/Kerkinitis/Gzleve. "Instead of the pre-war permanent population of the Crimean peninsula of 2,350,504 people, we are currently dealing with a de facto population of at least 3,100,000 people. "Instead of the pre-war permanent population of the Crimean peninsula of 2,350,504 people, we are currently dealing with a de facto population of at least 3,100,000 people. 69/km (145th) Land Area . [45], Crimea is facing an unprecedented water shortage crisis.[46][47]. The coast then runs south to Sevastopol/Chersonesus, a good natural harbor, great naval base and the largest city on the peninsula. Jews in Crimea were historically Krymchaks and Karaites (the latter a small group centered at Yevpatoria). As of January 2021, the estimated total population of the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol was at 2,416,856 (Republic of Crimea: 1,903,707, Sevastopol: 513,149). Journey by a mountainous part of Crimea", "Dam leaves Crimea population in chronic water shortage", "In Crimea has receded one of the largest reservoirs", North Crimean Canal. Visa and MasterCard temporarily stopped service in Crimea in December 2014. Since 2014 the railways are operated by the Crimea Railway. Protests culminated in Russian forces occupying strategic points in Crimea[31] and the Russian organized Republic of Crimea declared independence from Ukraine following an illegal and internationally unrecognized referendum supporting reunification. Page 72, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Regions of Ukraine / Autonomous Republic of Crimea", "Results of Census: Population of Crimea is 2.284 Million People - Information agency "Krym Media", The Persecution of Pontic Greeks in the Soviet Union, administrative divisions of the Taurida Governorate, "The First General Census of the Russian Empire of 1897 - Taurida Governorate", " Weekly - . The number of Crimea Germans was 60,000 in 1939. In the nearby townlet village of Molochnoye, a 1.6km-long tram line provides the only connection between the sea shore and a holiday resort, but its operation is halted since 2015. At 49.1%, turnout was slightly ahead of that for Russia as a whole which was only 47.8%. II, v 9.5) refer variously to the Strait of Kerch as the (Kimmerikos Bosporos, romanized spelling, Bosporus Cimmerius), its easternmost part as the (Kimmerion Akron, Roman name: Promontorium Cimmerium),[2] as well as to the city of Cimmerium and thence the name of the Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus ( ). After a survey of Crimeans, it turned out that in the territory of the peninsula live: The population on the Crimean Peninsula changes every year, as elsewhere. So, in 2015, at the beginning of June, a conference was held in Yalta devoted to issues related to the current population of the Crimea. According to the census result the population of the Crimean Federal District is 2.2844 million people. Older plants in operation include the Sevastopol TEC (close to Inkerman) which uses AEG and Ganz Elektro turbines and turbogenerators generating about 25 MW each, Sinferopol TEC (north, in Agrarne locale) Yepvatoria, Kamysh Burun TEC (Kerch south Zaliv) and a few others. Further southwest is Tyras/Akkerman/Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi. A survey of residents of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea in May 2013 found that:[28], The proportion of the population in the survey who were Crimean Tatar was 15%. At the northeast point of the Sea of Azov at the mouth of the Don River were Tanais, Azak/Azov and now Rostov-on-Don. [citation needed] It was the first official census in Crimea since a Ukrainian-held census in 2001. Accordingly, the Crimean Tatars "left" 78%. Crimea is a centre of pro-Russian sentiment, which can spill into separatism. In 2011, according to the results of the official census of the population of Ukraine, life expectancy was 71.22 years, which is more than in the past. [17][26] Official Ukrainian authorities and Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People claimed doubts that the results of population census in Crimea represent the facts. The development of Crimea as a holiday destination began in the second half of the 19th century. [57] According to the Russian administration of Crimea, they dropped to 3.8million in 2014,[58] and rebounded to 5.6million by 2016. For passenger trains; freight trains are delayed until July 2020, but this is due to some necessary work to be done on adjacent railroads, Ab al-Fid, Mukhtaar trkh al-bashar (, Slater, Eric. Between 1315 and 1329 CE, the Arab writer Ab al-Fid recounted a political fight in 13001301 CE which resulted in a rival's decapitation and his head being sent "to the Crimea",[4] apparently in reference to the peninsula,[5] although some sources hold that the name of the capital was extended to the entire peninsula at some point during Ottoman suzerainty (14411783).[6]. During the period between the last population censuses 1989 the number Russians has decreased by 11.6%. Crimea Today and Looking Forward Crimea has undergone significant changes over the past six years. [48] Winds from the northwest bring warm and wet air from the Atlantic Ocean, causing precipitation during spring and summer. However, the Slavic population on the peninsula has grown steadily over the past two centuries, and the Russians now form the bulk. The largest of them is Lake Sasyk () on the southwest coast; others include Aqtas, Koyashskoye, Kiyatskoe, Kirleutskoe, Kizil-Yar, Bakalskoe, and Donuzlav. The peninsula's dark history of ethnic cleansing is visible in the following chart from Reuters. The Crimean Gothic, an East Germanic language, became extinct around the 18th century, while the Crimean Goths people diffuse into other ethnicities much earlier on. [48] As well, winds from the southwest bring very warm and wet air from the subtropical latitudes of the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean sea and cause precipitation during fall and winter. [41] The general trend is for the former lakes to become salt pans. This combines the figures for the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol, listing groups of more than 5,000 individuals. In other settlements, the situation is as follows: To see how urban and rural populations are distributed across the peninsula, it is best to refer to the following table. Ethnic composition of Crimea's population has changed dramatically since the early 20th century. It became a "health" destination for Soviet workers, and hundreds of thousands of Soviet tourists visited Crimea. Census breakdown is Crimean Tatars 232,340 (10.6%), Tatars 44,996 (2.1%). Factor Number of people; Official figure of the population of Crimea without Sevastopol (official statistics on 01.01.2021) 1,901,578: Official figure of the permanent population of Sevastopol (official statistics on 01.01.2021) 509,992 The republic is coterminous with the Crimean Peninsula, lying between the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. Rivers: The longest is the Salhyr, which rises southeast of Simferopol and flows north and northeast to the Sea of Azov. [65][66], Crimea also possesses several natural gas fields both onshore and offshore, which were starting to be drilled by western oil and gas companies before annexation. [1] The peninsula is almost entirely surrounded by the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov. [21], The north and centre of Crimea fell to the Mongol Golden Horde, although the south coast was still controlled by the Christian Principality of Theodoro and Genoese colonies. The population of modern Crimea was formed due to complex and lengthy ethnic processes. The North Crimean Canal now crosses it to bring water from the Dnieper. The imposition of Russian Federation citizenship on residents of Crimea (nearly all residents of the peninsula had Russian citizenship less than a year after the annexation), forced deportations . With the dissolution of the Soviet Union and Ukrainian independence in 1991 most of the peninsula was reorganized as the Republic of Crimea,[27][28] although in 1995 the Republic was forcibly abolished by Ukraine with the Autonomous Republic of Crimea established firmly under Ukrainian authority. ][4][5] By the latter 20th century, Russians and Ukrainians made up almost the entire population. The Crimean interior has been ethnically diverse throughout its recorded history, changing hands numerous times, while the south coast was held continuously for most of the last two millennia by various Roman (and Eastern Roman) states. Sign up for notifications from Insider! The most widespread religion in the Crimea is Orthodoxy. Among the first settlers were the ancient Greeks, who established colonies on the coast, and over time, the seaports came under the control of the Romans, Byzantines and Genoese. 15:00, 17.06.17. [119] The 2001 Ukrainian census reports just 2,500 ethnic Germans (0.1% of population) in Crimea. [51], The Black Sea ports of Crimea provide quick access to the Eastern Mediterranean, Balkans and Middle East. There are many Crimean legends about famous touristic places, which attract the attention of tourists. Numerous Crimean Tatar villages, mosques, monasteries, and palaces of the Russian imperial family and nobles are found here, as well as picturesque ancient Greek and medieval castles. Use of site materials is possible provided that a link to the source is installed. The population number excluding these uyezds is given in the table below. [49], The climate of Crimea is influenced by its geographic location, relief, and influences from the Black sea. In 988, Prince Vladimir I of Kyiv also captured the Byzantine town of Chersonesos (presently part of Sevastopol) where he later converted to Christianity. Jewish population of the Crimea. 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